PHP - Manual: dns_get_record

2024-11-14

dns_get_record

(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

dns_get_record — 获取指定主机的DNS记录

说明

dns_get_record(
    string $hostname,
    int $type = DNS_ANY,
    array &$authns = ?,
    array &$addtl = ?,
    bool &$raw = false
): array

获取指定主机（hostname）的DNS记录。

参数

hostname: 主机名（hostname）应该是一个DNS解析生效的域名，例如“www.example.com”。主机名也可以是通过对逆向解析域做DNS逆向域名解析而得到，但是在大多数情况下gethostbyaddr()更加适合做逆向域名解析。

注意:
每个DNS标准，邮件地址必须是user.host这样的格式（例如hostmaster.example.com而不是hostmaster@example.com），在使用mail()这个函数之前请检查这个值，有必要的话还需要修改。
type: 默认情况下，dns_get_record()将会搜索所有与hostname相关的记录，可以通过设置type来限定查询。type的值可以是下面的其中的任何一个： DNS_A，DNS_CNAME，DNS_HINFO，DNS_MX，DNS_NS，DNS_PTR，DNS_SOA，DNS_TXT，DNS_AAAA，DNS_SRV，DNS_NAPTR，DNS_A6，DNS_ALL或者DNS_ANY。

注意:
由于dns在各个平台上表现有些不一样，DNS_ANY不会总是返回所有的记录，DNS_ALL虽然慢一些，但是会得到所有的记录，所以使用DNS_ALL更加可靠些。
authns: 以引用方式传递，如果写了该参数，那么将会得到该解析记录的DNS服务器（Authoritative Name Servers）的信息。
addtl: 以引用方式传递，如果填写了该参数，将会得到其他所有的DNS解析记录。
raw: 在原生模式下，在进行额外的查询的时候之前我们只执行请求的DNS类型，而不是循环查询所有的类型。

返回值

这个函数返回一个关联数组，如果失败则或者在失败时返回 false。每个关联数组都至少包含了以下的这些键。 at minimum the following keys:

**Basic DNS attributes**
Attribute	Meaning
host	The record in the DNS namespace to which the rest of the associated data refers.
class	dns_get_record() only returns Internet class records and as such this parameter will always return `IN`.
type	String containing the record type. Additional attributes will also be contained in the resulting array dependant on the value of type. See table below.
ttl	`"Time To Live"` remaining for this record. This will not equal the record's original ttl, but will rather equal the original ttl minus whatever length of time has passed since the authoritative name server was queried.

**Other keys in associative arrays dependant on 'type'**
Type	Extra Columns
`A`	`ip`: An IPv4 addresses in dotted decimal notation.
`MX`	`pri`: Priority of mail exchanger. Lower numbers indicate greater priority. `target`: FQDN of the mail exchanger. See also dns_get_mx().
`CNAME`	`target`: FQDN of location in DNS namespace to which the record is aliased.
`NS`	`target`: FQDN of the name server which is authoritative for this hostname.
`PTR`	`target`: Location within the DNS namespace to which this record points.
`TXT`	`txt`: Arbitrary string data associated with this record.
`HINFO`	`cpu`: IANA number designating the CPU of the machine referenced by this record. `os`: IANA number designating the Operating System on the machine referenced by this record. See IANA's » `Operating System Names` for the meaning of these values.
`SOA`	`mname`: FQDN of the machine from which the resource records originated. `rname`: Email address of the administrative contain for this domain. `serial`: Serial # of this revision of the requested domain. `refresh`: Refresh interval (seconds) secondary name servers should use when updating remote copies of this domain. `retry`: Length of time (seconds) to wait after a failed refresh before making a second attempt. `expire`: Maximum length of time (seconds) a secondary DNS server should retain remote copies of the zone data without a successful refresh before discarding. `minimum-ttl`: Minimum length of time (seconds) a client can continue to use a DNS resolution before it should request a new resolution from the server. Can be overridden by individual resource records.
`AAAA`	`ipv6`: IPv6 address
`A6`(PHP >= 5.1.0)	`masklen`: Length (in bits) to inherit from the target specified by `chain`. `ipv6`: Address for this specific record to merge with `chain`. `chain`: Parent record to merge with `ipv6` data.
`SRV`	`pri`: (Priority) lowest priorities should be used first. `weight`: Ranking to weight which of commonly prioritized `targets` should be chosen at random. `target` and `port`: hostname and port where the requested service can be found. For additional information see: » RFC 2782
`NAPTR`	`order` and `pref`: Equivalent to `pri` and `weight` above. `flags`, `services`, `regex`, and `replacement`: Parameters as defined by » RFC 2915.

更新日志

版本	说明
5.4.0	增加了参数`raw`。
5.3.0	可以是在windows平台上使用这个函数了。
5.3.0	在此版本之前，如果给参数`authns`传入值，则必须同时传入`addtl`的值。

范例

示例 #1 使用 dns_get_record()函数


<?php
$result = dns_get_record("php.net");
print_r($result);
?>

以上例程的输出类似于：

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 5
            [target] => pair2.php.net
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 6765
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 64.246.30.37
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 8125
        )

)

示例 #2 使用dns_get_record()配合DNS_ANY的例子

由于我们经常会想获取一个邮件服务器的对应的IP地址的MX记录是否已经生效。在使用dns_get_record()函数之后，addtl能够返回一个相关的数组记录，authns参数则会返回授权服务器的列表信息。


<?php
/* Request "ANY" record for php.net,
   and create $authns and $addtl arrays
   containing list of name servers and
   any additional records which go with
   them */
$result = dns_get_record("php.net", DNS_ANY, $authns, $addtl);
echo "Result = ";
print_r($result);
echo "Auth NS = ";
print_r($authns);
echo "Additional = ";
print_r($addtl);
?>

以上例程的输出类似于：

注释

注意:
For compatibility with versions before PHP 5.3.0 on some operating systems, try the » PEAR class » Net_DNS.

参见

dns_get_mx() - 别名 getmxrr
dns_check_record() - 别名 checkdnsrr

add a note

User Contributed Notes 8 notes

down

tobias at herkula dot info ¶

7 years ago


This method has no error handling, it simply puts out "false" and it is impossible to check for NXDOMAIN, SERVFAIL, TIMEOUT or any other error...

down

dylan at pow7 dot com ¶

13 years ago


Get more than one type at once like this:
<?php
$dnsr = dns_get_record('php.net', DNS_A + DNS_NS);
print_r($dnsr);
?>

Using DNS_ALL fails on some domains where DNS_ANY works. I noticed the function getting stuck on the DNS_PTR record, which caused it to return FALSE with this error:
PHP Warning:  dns_get_record(): res_nsend() failed in ....

This gets all records except DNS_PTR:
<?php
$dnsr = dns_get_record('php.net', DNS_ALL - DNS_PTR);
print_r($dnsr);
?>

down

PHP Joe ¶

8 years ago


Although this works very well for general DNS queries if you want to do a direct DNS query to a specified DNS server (rather than using OS resolution) try PHPDNS: http://www.purplepixie.org/phpdns/

You can do direct (TCP or UDP) low-level queries to a nameserver and recurse at will. Very useful for testing specific servers and also for walking through a recursive resolution.

down

NaturalBornCamper ¶

4 years ago


You might have the same problem as me, where testing a non-existent domain will search for a subdomain relative to the domain you are executing from, for example:

// Test with working domain
var_dump( dns_get_record('google.com', DNS_A) );
/* works, returns
Array
(
    [host] => google.com
    [class] => IN
    [ttl] => 299
    [type] => A
    [ip] => 172.217.12.142
)
*/

// Test with invalid domain on our website (example.com)
var_dump( dns_get_record('invalidtestingname.com', DNS_A) );
/* Doesn't work, pretend it's a subdomain
Array
(
    [host] => invalidtestingname.com.example.com
    [class] => IN
    [ttl] => 299
    [type] => A
    [ip] => xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
)
*/

If anyone has that problem, add a "dot" at the end of the domain name, for example, instead of
dns_get_record('invalidtestingname.com', DNS_A);
Do this:
dns_get_record('invalidtestingname.com.', DNS_A);

down

heinjan at eendrachtstraat dot nl ¶

5 years ago


Please note that Firewalls and anti malware software detects  (and depending on company policies even blocks) DNS_ANY requests. 
In that case the usage of this function fails.
This is because DNS_ANY requests can be  exploited for creating "amplification (D)DOS attackes": You send 1 DNS_ANY request and get a huge amount of information back, thus even small requests can result into hugh network load.

I advise to use a more explicit name-request instead of using DNS_ANY.

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

4 years ago


When I use DNS_ALL as the second parameter to invoke dns_get_record() on the OS of Windows, PHP emits a warning with the message "Warning: dns_get_record(): Type '251721779' not supported in blah.php on line blah", and DNS_ANY is always OKAY.

down

-10

karl at influ dot io ¶

9 years ago


There's a comment below from 7 years ago regarding BSD and MacOSX, I'd just like to follow up incase some people see that and don't think it'll work on MacOSX.

Software:

    System Software Overview:

      System Version: OS X 10.8.3 (12D78)
      Kernel Version: Darwin 12.3.0
      Boot Volume: Macintosh HD
      Boot Mode: Normal
      Computer Name: Karl’s iMac
      User Name: Karl Kloppenborg (karl)
      Secure Virtual Memory: Enabled
      Time since boot: 10 days 20:24
--------------

# php -a
php > print_r(dns_get_record('google.com', DNS_MX));

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 10
            [target] => aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 30
            [target] => alt2.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 50
            [target] => alt4.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 40
            [target] => alt3.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 20
            [target] => alt1.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

)

down

-10

Emil ¶

4 years ago


Hi,
If I added domain to directadmin where is script with dns_get_record it gives me local values even if that domain is not really delegated yet to this server.. why?

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官方地址：https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.dns-get-record.php

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dns_get_record

说明

参数

返回值

更新日志

范例

注释

参见

User Contributed Notes 8 notes