目录
Jackson ObjectMapper Example
从Reader读取对象
从File中读取对象
从URL中读取对象
从InputStream读取对象
从字节数组中读取对象
从JSON数组字符串中读取对象数组
从JSON数组字符串中读取对象列表
从JSON字符串中读取映射为map
树模型
将Object转换为JsonNode
将JsonNode转换为Object
使用Jackson ObjectMapper读取和编写YAML
Jackson 是当前用的比较广泛的,用来序列化和反序列化 json 的 Java 的开源框架。Jackson 社 区相对比较活跃,更新速度也比较快, 从 Github 中的统计来看,Jackson 是最流行的 json 解析器之一 。 Spring MVC 的默认 json 解析器便是 Jackson。 Jackson 优点很多。 Jackson 所依赖的 jar 包较少 ,简单易用。与其他 Java 的 json 的框架 Gson 等相比, Jackson 解析大的 json 文件速度比较快;Jackson 运行时占用内存比较低,性能比较好;Jackson 有灵活的 API,可以很容易进行扩展和定制。
Jackson 的 1.x 版本的包名是 org.codehaus.jackson ,当升级到 2.x 版本时,包名变为 com.fasterxml.jackson,本文讨论的内容是基于最新的 Jackson 的 2.9.1 版本。
jackson-core,核心包,提供基于"流模式"解析的相关 API,它包括 JsonPaser 和 JsonGenerator。 Jackson 内部实现正是通过高性能的流模式 API 的 JsonGenerator 和 JsonParser 来生成和解析 json。
jackson-annotations,注解包,提供标准注解功能;
jackson-databind ,数据绑定包, 提供基于"对象绑定" 解析的相关 API ( ObjectMapper ) 和"树模型" 解析的相关 API (JsonNode);基于"对象绑定" 解析的 API 和"树模型"解析的 API 依赖基于"流模式"解析的 API。
<dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.1</version> </dependency>
jackson-databind 依赖 jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations,当添加 jackson-databind 之后, jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations 也随之添加到 Java 项目工程中。在添加相关依赖包之后,就可以使用 Jackson。
Jackson 最常用的 API 就是基于"对象绑定" 的 ObjectMapper。下面是一个 ObjectMapper 的使用的简单示例。
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); Person person = new Person(); person.setName("Tom"); person.setAge(40); String jsonString = mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(person); Person deserializedPerson = mapper.readValue(jsonString, Person.class);
writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter()
ObjectMapper 通过 writeValue 系列方法 将 java 对 象序列化 为 json,并 将 json 存 储成不同的格式,String(writeValueAsString),Byte Array(writeValueAsString),Writer, File,OutStream 和 DataOutput。
ObjectMapper 通过 readValue 系列方法从不同的数据源像 String , Byte Array, Reader,File,URL, InputStream 将 json 反序列化为 java 对象。
在调用 writeValue 或调用 readValue 方法之前,往往需要设置 ObjectMapper 的相关配置信息。这些配置信息应用 java 对象的所有属性上。示例如下:
//在反序列化时忽略在 json 中存在但 Java 对象不存在的属性 mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES,false); //在序列化时日期格式默认为 yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false) //在序列化时忽略值为 null 的属性 mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL); //忽略值为默认值的属性 mapper.setDefaultPropertyInclusion(Include.NON_DEFAULT);
更多配置信息可以查看 Jackson 的 DeserializationFeature,SerializationFeature 和 I nclude。
Jackson 根据它的默认方式序列化和反序列化 java 对象,若根据实际需要,灵活的调整它的默认方式,可以使用 Jackson 的注解。常用的注解及用法如下。
注解 | 用法 |
---|---|
@JsonProperty | 用于属性,把属性的名称序列化时转换为另外一个名称。示例: @JsonProperty("birth_ d ate") private Date birthDate; |
@JsonFormat | 用于属性或者方法,把属性的格式序列化时转换成指定的格式。示例: @JsonFormat(timezone = "GMT+8", pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm") public Date getBirthDate() |
@JsonPropertyOrder | 用于类, 指定属性在序列化时 json 中的顺序 , 示例: @JsonPropertyOrder({ "birth_Date", "name" }) public class Person |
@JsonCreator | 用于构造方法,和 @JsonProperty 配合使用,适用有参数的构造方法。 示例: @JsonCreator public Person(@JsonProperty("name")String name) {…} |
@JsonAnySetter | 用于属性或者方法,设置未反序列化的属性名和值作为键值存储到 map 中 @JsonAnySetter public void set(String key, Object value) { map.put(key, value); } |
@JsonAnyGetter | 用于方法 ,获取所有未序列化的属性 public Map<String, Object> any() { return map; } |
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }"; try { Car car = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, Car.class); System.out.println("car brand = " + car.getBrand()); System.out.println("car doors = " + car.getDoors()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } public class Car { private String brand = null; private int doors = 0; public String getBrand() { return this.brand; } public void setBrand(String brand){ this.brand = brand;} public int getDoors() { return this.doors; } public void setDoors (int doors) { this.doors = doors; } }
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 4 }"; Reader reader = new StringReader(carJson); Car car = objectMapper.readValue(reader, Car.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); File file = new File("data/car.json"); Car car = objectMapper.readValue(file, Car.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); URL url = new URL("file:data/car.json"); Car car = objectMapper.readValue(url, Car.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); InputStream input = new FileInputStream("data/car.json"); Car car = objectMapper.readValue(input, Car.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }"; byte[] bytes = carJson.getBytes("UTF-8"); Car car = objectMapper.readValue(bytes, Car.class);
String jsonArray = "[{\"brand\":\"ford\"}, {\"brand\":\"Fiat\"}]"; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); Car[] cars2 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonArray, Car[].class);
String jsonArray =“[{\”brand \“:\”ford \“},{\”brand \“:\”Fiat \“}]”; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); List <Car> cars1 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonArray,new TypeReference <List <Car >>(){});
String jsonObject =“{\”brand \“:\”ford \“,\”doors \“:5}”; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); Map <String,Object> jsonMap = objectMapper.readValue(jsonObject, new TypeReference <Map <String,Object >>(){});
String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }"; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); try { JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, JsonNode.class); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
JSON字符串被解析为JsonNode
对象而不是Car
对象,只需将JsonNode.class
第二个参数传递给readValue()
方法而不是Car.class
本教程前面的示例中使用的方法。
该ObjectMapper
班也有一个特殊的readTree()
,它总是返回一个方法 JsonNode
。以下是JsonNode
使用该ObjectMapper
readTree()
方法将JSON解析为a的示例:
String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }"; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); try { JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(carJson); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
JsonNode类
String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5," + " \"owners\" : [\"John\", \"Jack\", \"Jill\"]," + " \"nestedObject\" : { \"field\" : \"value\" } }"; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); try { JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, JsonNode.class); JsonNode brandNode = jsonNode.get("brand"); String brand = brandNode.asText(); System.out.println("brand = " + brand); JsonNode doorsNode = jsonNode.get("doors"); int doors = doorsNode.asInt(); System.out.println("doors = " + doors); JsonNode array = jsonNode.get("owners"); JsonNode jsonNode = array.get(0); String john = jsonNode.asText(); System.out.println("john = " + john); JsonNode child = jsonNode.get("nestedObject"); JsonNode childField = child.get("field"); String field = childField.asText(); System.out.println("field = " + field); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); Car car = new Car(); car.brand = "Cadillac"; car.doors = 4; JsonNode carJsonNode = objectMapper.valueToTree(car);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }"; JsonNode carJsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(carJson); Car car = objectMapper.treeToValue(carJsonNode);
1.示例1(只是yaml字符串和对象的互转,不涉及yaml文件的处理)
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory; import java.io.IOException; public class YamlJacksonExample { public static void main(String[] args) { ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory()); Employee employee = new Employee("John Doe", "john@doe.com"); String yamlString = null; try { yamlString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee); } catch (JsonProcessingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); // normally, rethrow exception here - or don't catch it at all. } } }
该yamlString
变量包含Employee
在执行此代码后序列化为YAML数据格式的对象。
以下是Employee
再次将YAML文本读入对象的示例:
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory; import java.io.IOException; public class YamlJacksonExample { public static void main(String[] args) { ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory()); Employee employee = new Employee("John Doe", "john@doe.com"); String yamlString = null; try { yamlString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee); } catch (JsonProcessingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); // normally, rethrow exception here - or don't catch it at all. } try { Employee employee2 = objectMapper.readValue(yamlString, Employee.class); System.out.println("Done"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
2. 示例2 (yaml文件的读取和写入)
2.1定义Employee实体类
package com.example.jackjson; import lombok.Data; /** * @author: GuanBin * @date: Created in 上午10:18 2020/6/15 */ @Data public class Employee { public Employee() { } public Employee(String name, String email) { this.name = name; this.email = email; } String name; String email; }
2.2创建要读取的yml EmployeeYaml.yml文件,并初始化一条数据
name: test email: test@qq.com
2.3创建要写入的yml文件,EmployeeYamlOutput.yml (空文件)
2.4 测试类
package com.example.jackjson; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature; import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory; import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLGenerator; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author: GuanBin * @date: Created in 上午10:17 2020/6/15 */ public class YamlJacksonExample { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //从yaml文件读取数据 reaedYamlToEmployee(); //写入yaml文件 reaedEmployeeToYaml(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 从yaml文件读取数据 * @throws IOException */ private static void reaedYamlToEmployee() throws IOException { ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory()); Employee employee = mapper.readValue(new File("src/test/java/com/example/jackjson/EmployeeYaml.yml"), Employee.class); System.out.println(employee.getName() + "********" + employee.getEmail()); } /** * 写入yaml文件 * @throws IOException */ private static void reaedEmployeeToYaml() throws IOException { //去掉三个破折号 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory().disable(YAMLGenerator.Feature.WRITE_DOC_START_MARKER)); //禁用掉把时间写为时间戳 mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS); Employee employee = new Employee("test2", "999@qq.com"); mapper.writeValue(new File("src/test/java/com/example/jackjson/EmployeeYamlOutput.yml"), employee); } }
读取文件的打印输出
test********test@qq.com Process finished with exit code 0
写入文件的输出
参考:
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/jackson-advanced-application/index.html
http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-json/jackson-objectmapper.html
https://www.baeldung.com/jackson-yaml
作者:guanbin —— 纵码万里千山
出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/guanbin-529/
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